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ADHD Medication in the UK The drugs for ADHD help to reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific regions. They also stimulate the production of neurotransmitters that are deficient in people with ADHD. medication for add in adults are the most commonly prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD in the UK. They are used to increase the activity of the brain in areas involved in impulse control and attention. Stimulants In the UK There are two types of medication that are approved for adults ADHD treatment that are approved for treatment of ADHD: stimulants and nonstimulant medicines. Stimulants, which enhance brain activity in areas that regulate behavior and attention, are often the first choice. These include methylphenidate (often known as Ritalin) and the lisdexamfetamine (brand names that include Vyvanse). These tablets can be taken multiple times per day as a short-acting tablet or once a week in the form of a long-acting pill that releases into the bloodstream throughout the day. At first, the dose of the medication could require adjustment and monitored (titrated) in order to determine the dose that works for you. Stimulants have a long history of use both medically and as recreational drugs. In the 1930s, amphetamines was frequently employed by truck drivers, students and sportspeople for their energy boosters. Amphetamines can be extremely dangerous and have a high chance of abuse. They are abused as they make people feel great and can stimulate the mind in ways that lead to addiction. The most common side-effects of stimulants are a loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping and issues with digestion or stomach. Adjustments in the dosage or timing of the medication usually alleviate these issues. They are generally well-tolerated by most adults. However, children may have more severe side-effects including the loss of weight, tics and irritability. Non-stimulant ADHD medication works differently to the stimulants and can take some time to begin working. Clonidine and Guanfacine (brand names Catapres and Intuniv) are both alpha agonists which work by stimulating certain receptors in the brain. This helps improve concentration, decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as reduce behavioral issues like tics and aggression. They can be used in addition to ADHD stimulant medication or taken alone by children between the ages of 6-17. Atomoxetine also referred to as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medicine that enhances impulse control and concentration by increasing the levels noradrenaline in the brain. It can be prescribed as its own, but is usually combined with guanfacine in children. These medications do not cause the same adverse negative effects as stimulants, but can still cause headaches and difficulty sleeping. Atomoxetine Although stimulant drugs such as Ritalin and Adderall are typically suggested for children with ADHD, some children don't respond to these medications. Nonstimulants are a possibility for children with ADHD. They increase the signaling between brain regions, nerves and brain regions. This helps kids control their impulsivity and improve their concentration. Nonstimulant ADHD medicines use different active ingredients to stimulants and don't have a potential for abuse and therefore aren't controlled substances. Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera is a non-stimulant medication that can be used to treat ADHD in children, adults and teens. It is an antidepressant that has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the amount a chemical called noradrenaline in the brain. Noradrenaline is an ingredient that transmits messages between brain cells. It's also involved in motivation, impulsivity and attention. Due to its unique mechanism of action, atomoxetine isn't able to suffer from the same adverse effects as other antidepressants like Wellbutrin and Effexor. It is a prescription drug for children as young as five and is administered orally, every day, either once or twice in tablet form. Atomoxetine gives a steady, continuous control of ADHD symptoms, so it may help reduce problems in the evening, as the effects of some stimulants diminish. The FDA has also approved guanfacine XR as well as clonidine XR, both of which are also available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. They are typically prescribed to children who haven't responded to stimulant medications or who have problems with their adverse effects. They can be used alone or in combination with stimulants like Adderall XR (amphetamine salts), for a more effective treatment of ADHD. Follow your doctor's instructions If you or your child is taking a nonstimulant ADHD medicine. They may suggest starting with low doses and gradually increasing the dosage over time. They will also ask about any other medications you or your child is taking to check for interactions. You will need to make regular appointments with your GP and inform them of any side effects or concerns. They'll be able to modify your dosage or provide advice on alternative treatments such as talk therapy. Unlicensed Medication Adult ADHD is treated with a variety of stimulant and anti-stimulant medications. The psychiatric physician can also prescribe medications that are 'off label' (these are drugs which are licensed for another condition, but are being evaluated for effectiveness in adult ADHD). These are usually antidepressants such as Venflaxine or bupropion. They have been shown to provide some benefit for the condition, and are tolerated at lower doses. Unlicensed medicines may be prescribed to patients when there is a genuine medical need that is not met by a licensed medicine. This includes patients whose usual medication is not available due to disruption in supply or other reasons, or patients who require a liquid formulation of a certified tablet or capsule due to reasons like intolerance or allergy. Unlicensed medicines are often described as “specials”. This term is also used to refer to medicines that are “off-label” or have been prepared or provided in a manner that is not covered by the license. Some examples include crushing tablets to make them easier for patients to swallow. Others may include adding liquid to a licensed capsule or tablet to make a mixture that can be administered via injection. In general, healthcare professionals will only employ unlicensed drugs as a last resort when they feel that no licensed alternative is available. They will carefully examine a wide selection of options in order to satisfy the needs of each patient. They will also review regularly treatments and outcomes, taking into account both clinical experience and the latest licensed treatments. It is crucial that any medication not licensed to treat an individual is safe and efficient. The reason for prescribing the medicine should be recorded in the patient's record. Note any adverse reactions the patient may experience as a result of an off-label medication by using the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme. This information will be used to update the medication's MHRA marketing authorisation, and so to ensure that future prescriptions of the drug are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A therapist who works with you will help you understand your symptoms and help you discover ways to manage them. They will also provide guidance and advice on how to alter your way of thinking and acting to feel more positive. It is important to complete the amount of sessions your therapist suggests since this will help in your feeling better. The amount of neurotransmitters within your brain can help reduce ADHD symptoms. These chemicals enable your neurons to transmit messages, allowing you focus your mind and avoid distractions. There are two types of medication used to treat ADHD which are stimulants and non-stimulants. They work in slightly different ways but they all improve the supply of neurotransmitters in your brain. There are a number of medicines licensed in the UK to treat ADHD. The most commonly used is methylphenidate, which is available in tablets that are immediate-release (small doses that are taken between 2 and 3 times a day) and modified-release tablets (taken every day, but released throughout the day). These medications are not an effective cure, but they can help you to control an impulsive behaviour and help you focus. They are generally well-tolerated however, your doctor will closely monitor you to ensure you receive the correct dose and that you don't suffer any side negative effects. It may take several weeks for the medication to reach its maximum level. You may also need to increase the dosage (change your dose regularly) to determine the best dosage. Non-stimulant medicines like atomoxetine (available only by prescription) can be more efficient and have less risk of addiction than stimulants. They have a stronger scientific basis, however they aren't as well-tolerated. Some people experience problems with their memory, appetite or sleep. Your specialist will monitor your progress and decide whether you should keep taking Atomoxetine or switch to another treatment. Neither medications nor therapy are permanent solutions for those with ADHD. However, they can help improve your ability to manage your symptoms and lead a happy life. You can benefit the most from your treatment when you combine treatment with regular sessions with your therapist as this will give you a chance to learn ways to cope and identify problematic patterns in your behavior and thinking. For certain people, their improved confidence and mood can last well beyond the duration of their treatment.